The Frontier of Human Health—Microgravity and the Evolution of Space Medicine
a. Microgravity Defined and Its Physiological Impact Microgravity, the near-weightless condition experienced in orbit, profoundly alters human physiology by disrupting the body’s adaptive responses evolved under Earth’s gravity. Without gravitational pull, fluid shifts toward the upper body, muscles and bones face reduced mechanical loading, and immune and metabolic processes shift. Astronauts typically lose up to […]